The majority of PLC systems today adhere to the IEC 61131-3 control systems programming standard that defines 4 languages: Ladder Diagram (LD; resembles the schematic diagram of a system built with electromechanical relays), Structured Text (ST; similar to Pascal), Function Block Diagram (FBD) and Sequential Function Chart (SFC). Instruction List (IL) was deprecated in the third edition of the standard.
Modern PLCs can be programmed in a variety of ways, from the relay-derived ladder logic to programming languages such as specially adapted dialects of BASIC and C. Another method is state logic, a very high-level programming language designed to program PLCs based on state transition diagrams. The most commonly used programming language is Ladder Diagram (LD) also known as Ladder logic.
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